Tamil Nadu is renowned for its cashew nut cultivation, a significant plantation crop alongside rubber, tea, coffee, cocoa, coconut and bamboo, among others.
In the Marakkanam, Koliyanur, Kandamangalam, and Vanur areas of Villupuram district, cashew crops thrive, cultivated organically with impressive yields. Recently, Assistant Director Venkatesan from the District Horticulture Department shed light on cashew cultivation practices.
In the Koliyanur area, spanning Melpadi, Garlapadu, Sengadu, Elangadu, Kuruvankottai, Pathirikuppam and Thensangampalayam villages, farmers cultivate cashews across 500 acres using traditional methods. Under the Farmers’ New Plantation Scheme, the Horticulture Department provides plantation materials worth Rs 4,800 per acre to support these farmers.
Traditionally, old cashew groves over 20 years old yield less. To rejuvenate these groves, the Horticulture Department allocates planting materials and other essentials valued at Rs 8,000 per acre. Additionally, groups of 20 farmers are formed to cultivate cashew crops naturally and traditionally, aiming to procure organic farming certificates.
The Horticulture Department offers inputs and training to promote organic farming and cashew cultivation. They also assist farmers with crop management deficiencies and pest infestations. Venkatesan, the Assistant Director, ensures personal inspection of cashew plantations and provides expert advice to farmers.
The optimal time for cashew cultivation is from June to December, with fertiliser application typically done from November to December in East Coast areas. Peak picking months are March and May. Quality cashew nuts are greyish-green, smooth and well-filled. After harvesting, nuts are sun-dried for two to three days to reduce moisture content by 10 to 12 per cent. They are then packed in alkane bags and stored for six months.
This holistic approach to cashew cultivation, blending traditional methods with modern assistance, ensures sustainable practices and high-quality yields for farmers in the Villupuram district.
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